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RESOURCES
Facts about Heating with Wood |
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Wood is the only fuel that heats
twice ...
first when you cut and stack it,
and again when you burn it! |
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A cord is a stack of wood 4
feet high, 4 feet wide and 8 feet long. Allowing for air pockets, a cord is
approximately 85 cubic feet of wood.
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On average, a pound of wood
produces 8,600 BTUs of heat, regardless of species. So dense heavy woods
deliver more heat per cord. Consider this fact when comparing prices for
different kinds of wood.
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It takes about 1,000 BTUs to
evaporate each pound of moisture in a log. That is why dry wood produces
less creosote and 10-30% more useable heat for your home.
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A good time to cut or buy
green wood is in late winter or early spring. To dry it as quickly as
possible, cut it to length and stack it so that air can circulate through
the pile. Also, shelter the stack from the weather and hold it for 18
months before using.
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If you cut your trees in the
spring or summer, let them lie “unlimbed” until the leaves wither. The
withering process draws moisture from the wood. Then, cut the wood to the
longest length that will fit in the firebox. The longer the stick, the
longer the fire will hold.
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The amount of heat extracted
from a cord of wood varies with the species. The U.S. Forest Products
Laboratory compiled the following figures, showing weights and energy
content for various species of wood. These figures assume seasoned wood
with 20% moisture content.
|
Wood Species |
Cord Weight (lbs) |
Energy Content
(million BTUs/cord) |
|
Alder |
2,708 |
17.6 |
|
Apple |
4,140 |
26.5 |
|
Ash, Black |
2,992 |
19.1 |
|
Ash, White |
3,689 |
23.6 |
|
Aspen |
2,295 |
14.7 |
|
Basswood |
2,108 |
13.5 |
|
Beech, Blue |
3,890 |
26.8 |
|
Beech, High |
3,757 |
24.0 |
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Birch, Black |
3,890 |
26.8 |
|
Birch, Gray |
3,179 |
20.3 |
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Birch, Paper |
3,179 |
20.3 |
|
Birch, White |
3,179 |
20.3 |
|
Birch, Yellow |
3,689 |
23.6 |
|
Box Elder |
2,797 |
17.9 |
|
Butternut |
2,100 |
14.5 |
|
Cedar, White |
1,913 |
12.2 |
|
Cherry |
3,120 |
20.0 |
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Cherry, Black |
2.880 |
19.9 |
|
Cottonwood |
2,108 |
13.5 |
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Elm, American |
3,052 |
19.5 |
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Elm, Oyen |
3,052 |
19.5 |
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Elm, White |
3,052 |
19.5 |
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Fir, Balsam |
2,236 |
14.3 |
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Fir, Douglas |
3,196 |
20.6 |
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Hackberry |
3,246 |
20.8 |
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Hemlock |
2,482 |
15.9 |
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Hickory |
4,327 |
27.7 |
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Hornbeam, Eastern |
4,267 |
27.3 |
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Locust, Black |
3,890 |
26.8 |
|
Maple, Red |
2,924 |
18.7 |
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Maple, Sugar |
3,757 |
24.0 |
|
Oak, Red |
3,757 |
24.0 |
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Oak, White |
4.012 |
25.7 |
|
Pine, Jack |
2,669 |
17.1 |
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Pine, Norway |
2,669 |
17.1 |
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Pine, Pitch |
2,669 |
17.1 |
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Pine, Ponderosa |
2,380 |
15.2 |
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Pine, Western |
2,236 |
14.3 |
|
Spruce |
2,100 |
14.5 |
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Spruce, Black |
2,482 |
15.9 |
|
Tamarack |
3,247 |
20.8 |
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